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Over forty years ago the 27th World Health Assembly resolved to build on the success of the smallpox eradication program and established the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) to ensure that all children, in all countries, benefited from life-saving vaccines. The newly launched EPI at that time recommended the use of vaccines to protect against six primary diseases: tuberculosis (BCG), diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (DTP vaccine), measles and poliomyelitis. As time has gone on there have also been local programs introduced around the globe to prevent specific outbreaks of particular childhood maladies.